Lab 10: Biodiversity Part II
- Porifera:
- simple organisms that lack nervous or circulatory systems and have a single opening digestive cavity
- marine organisms
- filter feeders
- Cnidaria:
- jellyfish, hydroids, corals
- sedentary
- Platyhelminthes:
- flatworms
- lack body cavity, circulatory and respiratory organs
- parasitic
- Annelida
- segmented worms
- parapodia, feel like body parts
- clitellum for reproduction
- Arthropoda:
- jointed food/limbs
- mosquitoes
- Echinodermata:
- link between invertebrates and the vertebrates
- lack bony skeleton but have similar tissue development
- Chordata:
- invertebrate
- knife shaped body
- Chordata:
- fish
- cartilaginous fishes
- breathe through gills
- fresh water and marine
- Amphibia:
- lungs but also breathe through skin
- dramatic population declines
- turtles, lizards, snakes, crocs, dinos
- 4 limbs
- Aves:
- birds
- lack teeth, hollow bones, possession of 4 chambered heart, feathers
- Mammalia:
- mammals
- hair and mammary glands
Lab 9: Biodiversity Part I: Microorganisms, Plants, & Fungi
Materials
- Parts I and II:
- Mount slides
- Living and preserved specimens
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Recognize each organism
- Know the major taxonomic group that it belongs to, basic characteristics and ecology
- Part I
- View bacterias through slides
- Fill out table
- Domain
- Group
- Representatives
- Ecology
Lab 8: Gel Electrophoresis and Proteins
Materials
- Parts I and II:
- Procell electrophoresis apparatus, gel molds, combs, Power units, buffer, gels
- Protein production through Transcription and Translation
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Perform starch gel electrophoresis
- Part I
- Fill wells and run the bells at 1 hour at 170 volts
- While gels are running, examine slides of normal and sickle cells
- Compare shapes of cells
- Make drawings
- Part II
- Open the file
- Go to formula
- Fill in table of nitrogenous bases
Lab 7: Genetic Architecture and Karyology
Materials
- Parts I and II:
- Parts of body for Rebop
- Computer
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Study relationship between genotype and phenotype by building fictional organisms ("Rebop")
- Part I
- Choose two alleles per character
- Use table to determine which genes you have and how they will be expressed in phenotype
- Build the Rebop based on chosen genes
- Part II
- use slide of chromosome to match homologous chromosomes using mouse
Lab 6: Biological Chemicals, Nutrition, and Health
Materials
- Part I
- Carbohydrates
- test tube rack
- hot plate
- 400 mL beaker
- 3 test tubes
- onion juice
- potato juice
- Benedict's Reagent
- distilled water
- Lugol's Iodine
- Fats and Lipids
- Sudan III
- extracts of flour, cream, coconut
- margarine
- filter paper
- pencils
- dedicated Pasteur Pipet
- water bath
- Proteins
- Buiret's Agent
- egg white
- chicken broth
- distilled water
- test tubes
- test tube rack
- CuSO4
- wax pencils
- Common Foods for Testing
- gelatin
- lite and regular pancake syrup
- instant and ground coffee
- honey
- olive oil
- peanut oil
- candy
- Part II
- digital blood pressure monitor
- finger pulse oximeter
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Test the major food groups (fats, lipids, and proteins)
- Test cardiovascular system
- blood pressure
- pulse
- oxygen saturation
- experiments
- Part I
- Carbohydrates
- Use Benedict's test for simple sugars
- Test presence or absence of simple sugars in the solutions
- Mark tubes with a wax pencil
- Tube 1) onion juice to 1 cm mark, Benedict's Reagent to 3 cm mark
- Tube 2) potato juice to 1 cm mark, Benedict's reagent to 3 cm mark
- Tube 3) water to 1 cm mark, Benedict's reagent to 3 cm mark
- Heat tubes in boiling water for 3 minutes
- Observe color changes
- Repeat with Lugol's Iodine
- Fats and Lipids
- Mark filter paper with pencil for each food type
- Blot the extracts on a piece of filter paper
- Allow to dry
- Soak paper in Sudan III for 3 minutes
- Remove paper and rinse in water for 1 minute
- Determine which substance has fats by the stains
- Proteins
- Fill test tubes
- Tube 1) 1 drop egg white, 1 drop Biuret's Reagent
- Tube 2) 1 drop chicken broth, 1 drop Biuret's Reagent
- Tube 3) 1 drop water, 1 drop Biuret's Reagent
- Test color changes
- Test unknowns
- Part II
- Take vital signs for resting rate of lab partner using digital blood pressure monitor
- Record data
- Use Finger Pulse Oximeter to take heart rate for lab partner
- Do an experiment that would change blood pressure
- Take blood pressure again and record results
Lab 5: Cell Division and Mitosis
Materials
- Parts I, II and III:
- Whole mount slides
- Microscope
- Onion root
- Stain
- Pipe cleaners
- Plastic rings
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Part I
- Examine the whole mount slides and find different phases of mitosis
- Part II
- Prepare onion slides by staining the cells
- Find stages of mitosis under the microscope
- Answer questions in packet
- Part III
- Create pipe cleaner model that represent homologous chromosomes
- Bind "homologous chromosomes" together
- Go through the phases with the models
Lab 4: Plants and Energy
Materials
- Parts I, II and III:
- Prepared extracts
- Apparatus
- Leaves
- Potato, sweet potato, yam, rudebaga, apple and pear
- Microscope
- Slides
Exercises
- Main Idea:
- Investigate different aspects of the photosynthesis reaction
- Part I: Chromatography
- Measure distances traveled by the different pigments
- Fill in the table with results
- Part II: Observe Plant Slides
- Make a drawing of the plant slides that were made
- Using arrows, show movement of gases in and out of plant
- Part III: Energy Storage in Plants
- Observe how glucose or chemical energy is stored in plants
Lab 3: Diffusion and Osmosis
Materials
- Part I: Brownian Movement
- Suspended charcoal solution/India ink particles to represent large molecules
- Part II: Diffusion of Molecules in Various States
- Perfume
- Timer for measuring how many seconds it takes for perfume to travel
- Ruler for measuring how far perfume travels in feet
- Agar plate for boring holes
- Agar
- IKI for agar plate
- Methylene blue for agar plate
- Part IIIA: Role of Membranes in Diffusion
- Thistle tube apparatus for observing diffusion
- Different concentrations of water using salt
- Dialysis tubes
- Part IIIB: Effects of Temperature on Diffusion
- Dialysis tubes
- Hot water bath
- Cold water bath
- Bags
- Pen for labeling
- Weight measurer
Exercises
- Part I: Brownian Movement
- Discuss questions such as:
- "Are molecules constantly moving?"
- "How can we determine whether they are moving or staying still?"
- Use suspended charcoal solution to represent large molecules
- Observe movement of molecules under microscope
- Part II: Diffusion of Molecules in Various States
- Observe diffusion of gas within a gas
- Measure (in seconds) how long it takes perfume to travel in the atmosphere of the room (in feet)
- Calculate to mph
- Test how long it takes for observer to smell perfume from across the room
- Observe diffusion of a liquid in a solid
- Put two holes in agar plate
- Drop IKI in one hole, and Methylene blue into the other
- Let liquids dissolve into agar until end of lab period
- Compare distances traveled into agar by each liquid
- Part IIIA: Role of Membranes in Diffusion
- Subject living cells to different concentrations of water
- Examine the results not he turgor pressure inside the cell
- Part IIIB: Effects of Temperature on Diffusion
- Set up dialysis tubes in hot water and cold water bath at each table
- Label
Lab 2: The Microscope and a Forensic Experiment
Materials
- Compound light microscope
- Stereomicroscope (dissecting scope)
- Example slides
Exercises
- Practice using microscopes with sample slides and materials
- Compare the powers of both microscopes to determine which one to use in each experiment
- Solve a crime by examining evidence from the 'crime scene'.
- Compare the evidence from the suspects using the light microscope
Lab 1: Scientific Method
Materials
- Blind
- Penney (for random selection)
- Data Sheet (for data selection)
- Computer (for statistical analysis)
Exercises
- Conduct an experiment on Therapeutic Touch
- Test hypothesis that humans have energy fields and are capable of detecting them
